Wenden (1987) gave six criteria for LLS. (學習策略的六個特性)

1. Strategies "refer to specific actions or techniques." They are "not characteristics that describe a learner's general approach."
   語言學習策略係指特定動作或技巧而不是學習者一般的學習方式。
2. Strategies are not always observable.
   並非所有的學習策略都可觀察得到。
Strategies are "problem oriented" and are utilized to "respond to a learning need."
學習策略為問題導向，其使用係針對某一學習需求。
4. Strategies refer to language learning behaviors that contribute directly or indirectly to learning.
   學習策略係指直接或間接輔助學習之行為。
5. Sometimes strategies may be "consciously deployed." But in other times, they can "become automatized and remain below consciousness or potentially conscious."
   學習策略可以有意識地使用。但有時也會在潛意識中自動使用。
6. Strategies are "amenable to change."
   學習策略可以被改變。